The Bangladesh seamer was the pick of the Kent attack, claiming 5 for 42 from 15.5 overs as Lancashire collapsed after reaching 81 for 0.
He struck repeatedly to break through the visitors’ batting order, dismissing Keaton Jennings, Rocky Flintoff, Matty Hurst, Mitchell Stanley and James Anderson.
Michael Jones top-scored with 44, while Hurst added 37 and Jennings made 30, but Lancashire lost their final eight wickets for just 80 runs.
Khaled’s spell was complemented by Matt Milnes, who returned 4 for 28, as Kent wrapped up the innings in 58.5 overs.