The Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) confirmed on Sunday that Litton will miss the Test match, scheduled to begin on June 28 at Harare Sports Club, as he continues his recovery from a left calf strain.
Litton had already been sidelined from the recently concluded T20I series against Australia because of the injury. Following a fresh assessment, the BCB medical team determined that the 31-year-old would not be able to regain match fitness in time for the Zimbabwe Test.
As a result, the national selectors have drafted in 27-year-old wicketkeeper-batter Mahidul Islam Bhuiyan as Litton's replacement in the squad.
Mahidul, who has impressed in domestic cricket with consistent performances behind the stumps and with the bat, now has the opportunity to stake his claim at the highest level if handed a place in the playing XI.
Bangladesh are set to begin their Zimbabwe tour with the solitary Test in Harare from June 28 before the two sides meet in a three-match ODI series and a three-match T20I series later in the tour.