Fresh from an encouraging bowling display in Major League Cricket, the Bangladesh all-rounder continued his fine form in Colombo.
Introduced in the second over, Shakib conceded just four runs in his opening spell before returning to dismiss Reeza Hendricks and Ramesh Mendis, the latter bowled by a brilliant delivery.
Shakib's economical spell helped bowl out Dambulla for 130. Lizaad Williams and Matthew Trevian claimed three wickets each, while Dunith Wellalage and Dilshan Madushanka picked up one apiece.
Chasing 131, Jaffna stumbled to 35 for 3 before captain Bhanuka Rajapaksa anchored the innings with an unbeaten 61 off 37 balls, featuring four fours and four sixes, to guide his side home with five wickets in hand.
Shakib did not get an opportunity to bat, but his match-defining bowling performance laid the foundation for Jaffna's winning start to the tournament.