Neser picked up the injury while training with the Australian Test squad this week and is expected to spend several weeks on the sidelines.
Although he was not part of Australia's 13-man squad for the Bangladesh series, the experienced seamer was considered the leading backup pace option and was expected to play an important role during Australia's demanding Test schedule over the next year.
The injury comes just a day after wicketkeeper-batter Josh Inglis left training with back spasms, adding to Australia's fitness concerns before the series opener in Darwin on August 13.
According to Australian media reports, Neser has around two months to recover before Australia's tour of South Africa, where the Queensland quick is expected to return to contention.
