Malaysia were due to face Oman at Korogi Sports Park in Nisshin on Saturday, but persistent rain prevented even the toss from taking place.
The abandoned match saw both teams receive one point. Malaysia finished top of Group B with three points after beating Hong Kong, China in their opening match, securing their place in the last eight.
Bangladesh will now take on Malaysia in the quarter-final on September 29 at 11:00am Bangladesh time.
Bangladesh and Malaysia have met only once in international cricket. Bangladesh won that encounter at the 2023 Asian Games to reach the semi-finals.
Malaysia also recently toured Bangladesh, playing two T20 matches against the Bangladesh High Performance unit and three ODIs against Bangladesh Under-23.
The visitors failed to win any of the five matches.
A win over Malaysia would take Bangladesh into the semi-finals on October 1, where they could face Sri Lanka or the winner of Group A.
The gold-medal match and bronze-medal play-off are scheduled for October 3.
Hong Kong, China will face Pakistan in the first quarter-final on September 28, while India will take on Afghanistan in the second quarter-final on the same day.
